Python3多线程爬虫入门实例
对python这个高级语言对此感兴趣的朋友,看看idc笔记做的技术笔记!
多线程概
这篇文章主要为大家详细介绍了Python3多线程爬虫入门实例,具有一定的参考价值,可以用来参考一下。
对python这个高级语言对此感兴趣的朋友,看看idc笔记做的技术笔记!多线程概述
多线程使得程序内部可以分出多个线程来做多件事情,充分利用CPU空闲时间,提升处理效率。python提供了两个模块来实现多线程thread 和threading ,thread 有一些缺点,在threading 得到了弥补。并且在Python3中废弃了thread模块,保留了更强大的threading模块。
使用场景
在python的原始解释器CPython中存在着GIL(Global Interpreter Lock,全局解释器锁),因此在解释执行python代码时,会产生互斥锁来限制线程对共享资源的访问,直到解释器遇到I/O操作或者操作次数达到一定数目时才会释放GIL。所以,虽然CPython的线程库直接封装了系统的原生线程,但CPython整体作为一个进程,同一时间只会有一个获得GIL的线程在跑,其他线程则处于等待状态。这就造成了即使在多核CPU中,多线程也只是做着分时切换而已。
如果你的程序是CPU密集型,多个线程的代码很有可能是线性执行的。所以这种情况下多线程是鸡肋,效率可能还不如单线程因为有上下文切换开销。但是如果你的代码是IO密集型,涉及到网络、磁盘IO的任务都是IO密集型任务,多线程可以明显提高效率,例如多线程爬虫,多线程文件处理等等
多线程爬虫
多线程爬虫的代码实例
注: 以下代码在python3下运行通过, python2版本差异较大,不能运行成功,如需帮助请下方留意。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 | <code class = "python" > # @param Python3多线程爬虫实例讲解 # @author php教程|www.512Pic.com # coding=utf-8 import threading, queue, time, urllib from urllib import request baseUrl = 'https://www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/' urlQueue = queue.Queue() for i in range(2, 10): url = baseUrl + str(i) + '.html' urlQueue.put(url) # print (url) def fetchUrl(urlQueue): while True: try : #不阻塞的读取队列数据 url = urlQueue.get_nowait() i = urlQueue.qsize() except Exception as e: break print ( 'Current Thread Name %s, Url: %s ' % (threading.currentThread().name, url)) try : response = urllib.request.urlopen(url) responseCode = response.getcode() except Exception as e: continue if responseCode == 200: #抓取内容的数据处理可以放到这里 #为了突出效果, 设置延时 time.sleep(1) if __name__ == '__main__' : startTime = time.time() threads = [] # 可以调节线程数, 进而控制抓取速度 threadNum = 4 for i in range(0, threadNum): t = threading.Thread(target=fetchUrl, args=(urlQueue,)) threads.append(t) for t in threads: t.start() for t in threads: #多线程多join的情况下,依次执行各线程的join方法, 这样可以确保主线程最后退出, 且各个线程间没有阻塞 t.join() endTime = time.time() print ( 'Done, Time cost: %s ' % (endTime - startTime)) # End www_512pic_com </code> |
运行结果:
1个线程时:
<style type="text/css">p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 14.0px 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono'; color: #29f914; background-color: #000000} span.s1 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}</style>1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | <code class = "python" > # @param Python3多线程爬虫实例讲解 # @author php教程|www.512Pic.com Current Thread Name Thread-1, Url: https: //www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/2.html Current Thread Name Thread-1, Url: https: //www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/3.html Current Thread Name Thread-1, Url: https: //www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/4.html Current Thread Name Thread-1, Url: https: //www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/5.html Current Thread Name Thread-1, Url: https: //www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/6.html Current Thread Name Thread-1, Url: https: //www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/7.html Current Thread Name Thread-1, Url: https: //www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/8.html Current Thread Name Thread-1, Url: https: //www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/9.html Done, Time cost: 8.182249069213867 # End www_512pic_com </code> |
2个线程时:
<style type="text/css">p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 14.0px 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono'; color: #29f914; background-color: #000000} span.s1 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}</style>1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | <code class = "python" > # @param Python3多线程爬虫实例讲解 # @author php教程|www.512Pic.com Current Thread Name Thread-1, Url: https: //www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/2.html Current Thread Name Thread-2, Url: https: //www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/3.html Current Thread Name Thread-2, Url: https: //www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/4.html Current Thread Name Thread-1, Url: https: //www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/5.html Current Thread Name Thread-2, Url: https: //www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/6.html Current Thread Name Thread-1, Url: https: //www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/7.html Current Thread Name Thread-2, Url: https: //www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/8.html Current Thread Name Thread-1, Url: https: //www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/9.html Done, Time cost: 4.0987958908081055 # End www_512pic_com </code> |
3个线程时:
<style type="text/css">p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 14.0px 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono'; color: #29f914; background-color: #000000} span.s1 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}</style>1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | <code class = "python" > # @param Python3多线程爬虫实例讲解 # @author php教程|www.512Pic.com Current Thread Name Thread-1, Url: https: //www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/2.html Current Thread Name Thread-2, Url: https: //www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/3.html Current Thread Name Thread-3, Url: https: //www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/4.html Current Thread Name Thread-4, Url: https: //www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/5.html Current Thread Name Thread-2, Url: https: //www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/6.html Current Thread Name Thread-4, Url: https: //www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/7.html Current Thread Name Thread-1, Url: https: //www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/9.html Current Thread Name Thread-3, Url: https: //www.idcnote.com/html/pythonjichu/8.html Done, Time cost: 2.287320137023926 # End www_512pic_com </code> |
通过调节线程数可以看到,执行时间会随着线程数的增加而缩短,抓取效率成正比增加。
总结:
Python多线程在IO密集型任务,多线程可以明显提高效率,CPU密集型任务不适合使用多线程处理。
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